异名:Aphanochilus fruticosus (D. Don) Kudo (synonym)、Aphanochilus polystachys Benth. (synonym)、Colebrookea oppositifolia Lodd. (synonym)、Elsholtzia dielsii H. Lév. (synonym)、Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder f. inclusa Sun ex C. H. Hu (synonym)、Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder f. leptostachya C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang (synonym)、Elsholtzia fruticosa (D. Don) Rehder var. parvifolia C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang (synonym)、Elsholtzia polystachya Benth. (synonym)、Elsholtzia souliei H. Lév. (synonym)、Elsholtzia tristis H. Lév. (synonym)、Leucosceptrum plectranthoideum (H. Lév.) C. Marquand (synonym)、Perilla fruticosa D. Don (synonym)
俗名:老妈妈棵 (LǎoMāMāKē) Chinese、扫地茶 (SǎoDìChá) Chinese、瘦狗还阳草 (ShòuGǒuHáiYángCǎo) Chinese、山野坝子 (ShānYěBàZǐ) Chinese、双翎草 (ShuāngLíngCǎo) Chinese、香芝麻叶 (XiāngZhīMáYè) Chinese
双翎草、老妈妈棵,瘦狗还阳草(云南昆明),山野坝子(云南武定),香芝麻叶(云南玉溪),紫油苏(云南奕良),大柴胡(云南维西),小花香棵、扫地茶(云南),酒药花(贵州遵义),沙虫药(贵州西部)
Elsholtzia fruticosa(D. Don)Rehd. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 3: 381. 1916; et in Journ. Arn. Arb. 16: 312. 1935; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 91. 1934; Symb. Sin. 7: 934. 1936; et in Act. Hort. Gothob. 13: 356. 1939; Kitamura et Murata in Kihara, Fauna et Fl. Nep. Himal. 1: 211. 1955; Murata in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 274. 1966; et in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 24: 80. 1969——Colebrookea oppositifolia Lodd. Bot. Cab. 5: f. 487. 1820, non Smith 1806——Perilla fruticosa D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 115. 1825——Aphanochilus polystachyus Benth. in Wall. Cat. n. 1554. 1828, nom. nud.; in Bot. Reg. sub t. 1282. 1829; in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 27, f. 33. 1830——Elsholtzia polystachya Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 116. 1833; in DC Prodr. 12: 160. 1848; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 643. 1885; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn Soc. Bot. 26: 278. 1890; Diels in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 47, 314, 1912; Dunn in ibid. 8: 161. 1913; et in ibid. 6: 149. 1915; Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 208. 1914; Cat. Pl. Yun-Nan 138. 1916; Diels in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 479. 1922——Elsholtzia tristis Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 8: 425. 1910; Dunn in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 445. 1911; Diels in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 260, 314. 1912——Elsholtzia dielsii Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 441. 1910——Elsholtzia souliei Levl. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 9: 248. Aprilis. 1911; Diels in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 153, 267, 314. 1912——Aphanochilus fruticosus(D. Don)Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 61, 1929.
直立灌木,高0.8-2米,多分枝。茎、枝钝四稜形,具浅槽,黄褐色或紫褐色,老时皮层剥落,变无毛,幼时被白色蜷曲疏柔毛。叶披针形或椭圆状披针形,通常长6-13厘米,宽2-3.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部狭楔形,边缘在基部以上具粗锯齿,近基部全缘,上面榄绿色,被糙伏毛,下面淡绿色,被弯曲的短柔毛,两面密布黄色腺点,侧脉约6-8对,与中脉在上面凹陷下面明显隆起,平行细脉在下面清晰可见;叶柄极短或近于无。穗状花序圆柱状,长6-20厘米,花时径达1.3厘米,顶生或腋生,由具短梗多花的轮伞花序所组成,位于穗状花序下部2-3个轮伞花序稍疏离而多少间断,上部者均聚集而连续;苞叶位于穗状花序下部者多少叶状,超过轮伞花序,向上渐呈苞片状,披针形至狭披针形或钻形,均较轮伞花序短;花梗长0.5-2毫米,与总梗、序轴密被短柔毛。花萼钟形,长约1.5毫米,外面被灰色短柔毛,萼齿5,三角状钻形,长约0.5毫米,近相等,果时花萼圆筒状,长约3毫米,宽约1毫米,脉纹明显。花冠白色至淡黄色,长约5毫米,外面被蜷曲柔毛,间夹有金黄色腺点,内面近基部具不明显斜向毛环,冠筒长约4毫米,基部宽约1毫米,至喉部宽达2毫米,冠檐二唇形,上唇直立,长约0.5毫米,先端微缺,边缘具长柔毛,下唇开展,3裂,中裂片圆形,长约1毫米,侧裂片半圆形。雄蕊4,前对较长,伸出,花丝丝状,无毛,花药卵圆形,2室。花柱超出或短于雄蕊,但均伸出花冠,先端近相等2深裂,裂片线形,外卷。小坚果长圆形,长1.5毫米,径0.5毫米,腹面具棱,顶端钝,褐色,无毛。花期7-9月,果期10-11月。
产甘肃南部(白龙江流域),湖北西部,四川,西藏,云南,贵州及广西;生于山谷侧边、谷底、路旁、开旷山坡及草地中,海拔1200-3200米。锡金,尼泊尔,不丹,印度北部也有。模式标本采自尼泊尔。
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