异名:Chondrilla japonica (L.) Lam. (synonym)、Chondrilla lyrata Poir. (synonym)、Crepis formosana Hayata (synonym)、Crepis japonica (L.) Benth. (synonym)、Crepis japonica (L.) Benth. subsp. genuina Hochr. (synonym)、Crepis japonica (L.) Benth. var. genuina Hochr. (synonym)、Crepis lyrata (Poir.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke (synonym)、Crepis taquetii (H. Lév. et Vaniot) H. Lév. (synonym)、Lactuca taquetii H. Lév. et Vaniot (synonym)、Lactuca taraxacum H. Lév. et Vaniot (synonym)、Prenanthes fastigiata Blume (synonym)、Prenanthes japonica L. (synonym)、Prenanthes multiflora Thunb. (synonym)、Prenanthes stricta Blume (synonym)、Youngia formosana (Hayata) Hara (synonym)、Youngia gracilis Miq. (synonym)、Youngia gracilis Miq. (synonym)、Youngia japonica (L.) DC. subsp. formosana (Hayata) Kitam. (synonym)、Youngia japonica (L.) DC. subsp. genuina (Hochr.) Babc. et Stebbins (synonym)、Youngia japonica (L.) DC. subsp. longiflora Babc. et Stebbins (synonym)、Youngia japonica (L.) DC. var. formosana (Hayata) H. L. Li (synonym)、Youngia lyrata (Poir.) Cass. (synonym)、Youngia multiflora (Thunb.) DC. (synonym)、Youngia napifera DC. ex Wight (synonym)、Youngia paosa Steud. (synonym)
Youngia japonica (L.) DC., Prodr. 7: 194. 1838; Babcock et Stebbins in Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 484: 95. 1937; Kitam. in Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto Ser. B. 22: 117. 1955; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22 (1-2): 33. 1969; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 700,图6813, 1975; Lauener in Notes Royal Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34: 389, 1976; 西藏植物志4: 967. 1985; 秦岭植物志1 (5): 414. 1985; 贵州植物志9: 372, 1989. ——Prenanthes japonica L., Mant. 107, 1767. —— P. multiflora Thunb., Fl. Jap. 303. 1784.——Chondrilla japonica (L.) Lam., Dict. Encycl. 2: 79, 1790. ——Ch. lyrata Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 2: 332, 1811. ——Prenanthes stricta Blume, Bijdr. Fl, Ned. Ind. 885. 1825-1826. ——P. fastigiata Blume op. cit. 886. 1825-1826.——Youngia lyrata (Poir.) Cass. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 23: 88. 1831. ——Y. napifera DC. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. Ind. 27. 1834. ——Y. multiflora (Thunb.) DC., op. cit. 194. 1838.——Y. paosa Steud., Nom. ed. 2. 2: 794. 1840.——Y. gracilis Miq. in Journ. Bot. Neerl. 1: 106. 1861; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 476. 1888; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22 (1-2): 32. 1969.——Crepis japonica (L.) Benth., Fl. Hongk. 194. 1861; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 395. 1882: Maxim. in Mel. Biol. 9: 316. 1871; Franch., Pl. David. 1: 185. 1884: Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 475. 1888; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. Engl, 29: 632. 1901; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 198, 1935; Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 12: 359. 1838.——Crepis lyrata (Poir.) Benth. ex C. B. Clarke, Comp. Ind. 253, 1876.——Lactuca taquetii Levl. et Vant. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 140, 1910; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 31: 507, 1911. ——L. taraxacum Levl. et Vaniot in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 141. 1910; Nakai in journ. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 31: 507. 1911. ——Crepis formosarea Hayata in Journ. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 163. 1911 et Ic. Pl. Formos. 8: 79, 1911. ——C. taquetii (Levl. et Vaniot) Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 11: 307. 1912. ——C. japonica (L.) Benth.subsp. genuine Hochr. in Candollea 5: 340, 1934. ——Youngia japonica (L.) DC. subsp. genuina (Hochr.) Babcock et Stebbins in Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 484: 95. 1937; Babcock in Univ. Calif. Publ Bot. 22: 923. 1947; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus, 22 (1-2): 33. 1969.——Y. japonica (L.) DC. subsp. formosana (Hayata) Kitam. in Act. Phytotax. et Geobot. 6: 234. 1937. ——Y. formosana (Hayata) Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 14: 53. 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22 (1-2): 31. 1969. ——Y. japonica (L.) DC. var. formosana (Hayata) H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 4: 965. 1978.
一年生草本,高10-100厘米。根垂直直伸,生多数须根。茎直立,单生或少数茎成簇生,粗壮或细,顶端伞房花序状分枝或下部有长分枝,下部被稀疏的皱波状长或短毛。基生叶全形倒披针形、椭圆形、长椭圆形或宽线形,长2.5-13厘米,宽1-4.5厘米,大头羽状深裂或全裂,极少有不裂的,叶柄长1-7厘米,有狭或宽翼或无翼,顶裂片卵形、倒卵形或卵状披针形,顶端圆形或急尖,边缘有锯齿或几全缘,侧裂片3-7对,椭圆形,向下渐小,最下方的侧裂片耳状,全部侧裂片边缘有锯齿或细锯齿或边缘有小尖头,极少边缘全缘;无茎叶或极少有1-(2)枚茎生叶,且与基生叶同形并等样分裂;全部叶及叶柄被皱波状长或短柔毛。头花序含10-20枚舌状小花,少数或多数在茎枝顶端排成伞房花序,花序梗细。总苞圆柱状,长4-5毫米,极少长3.5-4毫米;总苞片4层,外层及最外层极短,宽卵形或宽形,长宽不足0.6毫米,顶端急尖,内层及最内层长,长4-5毫米,极少长3.5-4毫米,宽1-1.3毫米,披针形,顶端急尖,边缘白色宽膜质,内面有贴伏的短糙毛;全部总苞片外面无毛。舌状小花黄色,花冠管外面有短柔毛。瘦果纺锤形,压扁,褐色或红褐色,长1.5-2毫米,向顶端有收缢,顶端无喙,有11-13条粗细不等的纵肋,肋上有小刺毛。冠毛长2.5-3.5毫米,糙毛状。花果期4-10月。
分布北京、陕西(洋县)、甘肃(西固)、山东(烟台)、江苏(宜兴)、安徽(歙县)、浙江(昌化、丽水、临海)、江西(萍乡、兴国)、福建(顺昌)、河南(商城)、湖北(宣恩、巴东)、湖南(新宁、龙山)、广东(翁源、乳源、信宜)、广西(百色)、四川(天全、峨眉、康定、泸定、石棉、攀枝花)、云南(大理、昆明)、西藏(聂拉木、林芝)等地。生于山坡、山谷及山沟林缘、林下、林间草地及潮湿地、河边沼泽地、田间与荒地上。日本、中南半岛、印度、菲律宾、马来半岛、朝鲜有分布。模式标本采自日本。
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