异名:Abutilon abutilon (L.) Huth (synonym)、Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. (synonym)、Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. f. nigrum Skvortsov (synonym)、Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. var. chinense Skvortsov (synonym)、Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. var. genuina Skvortsov (synonym)、Abutilon molle Sweet. (synonym)、Abutilon pubescens Moench (synonym)、Abutilon theophrasti Medik. var. chinense (Skvortsov) S. Y. Hu (synonym)、Abutilon theophrasti Medik. var. nigrum (Skvortsov) S. Y. Hu (synonym)、Abutilon tiliifolium (Fisch.) Sweet. (synonym)、Sida abutilon L. (synonym)、Sida mollis Orteg. (synonym)、Sida tiliifolia Fisch. (synonym)
俗名:青麻 (QīngMá) Chinese、塘麻 (TángMá) Chinese、孔麻 (KǒngMá) Chinese、白麻 (BáiMá) Chinese
椿麻(湖北),塘麻(安徽),孔麻(上海),
青麻(东北),白麻(本草纲目),桐麻(四川、陕西),磨盘草、车轮草(江西)
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus Malv. 28, 1787; Gee & Chien Cat. Pl. Kiangsu 98, 1921; Fernald in Gray’s Man. Bot. ed. 8: 1005, 1950; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 31, pl. 8-1-4, 1955; 昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志 2: 205, 1979.——Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 251, t. 135, f. 1, 1791; Debeaux in Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 30: 72, 1875 (Fl, Shanghai); Forbes & Hemsl. , ——in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 86, 1886 (Ind. Fl. Sin. 1) ; Fxanch. Pl. Delav. 107,1889; Gilg in Bot, rJahrb, Engler 34: 51, 1904; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 30: 31, 1907 (Fl. Mansh. 3) ; Juss. in Siuzev in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. Bt.——Petersb. 9: 117, 1912; Ulbrich in Loes. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 37 (2): 156, 1919; Limpricht in Fedda Repert. Sp. Nov, Fedde Beih. 12: 437, 1922; Liu in Bull. Peking Soc. Nat. Hist. 2 (3): 132, 1928; Hsia in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1: 58, 1931; Pei .in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China Bot.9; 182, 1934; 贾祖璋, 中国植物图鉴 433,图7349,1937; 崔友文, 华北经济植物志要312, 1953. ——Sida abutilon Linn. SP. Pl. 685, 1753. ——Sida tiliaefolia Fisch. Cat. Hort. Gorenk. 1808; DC. Prodr, 1: 474, 1824, Bunge in Mem, Acad. Sci. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 2: 83, 1833 (Enum. Pl. Chiha) .——Abutilon abutilon (Linn.) Huth in Helios 2: 132, 1893; Rusby in Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 5: 222, 1894. ——sida mollis auct. non Orteg. : Pavolini in Nour. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 15: 407, 1908.——Abutilon molle auct. non Sweet: Dunn in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 39: 413, 1911.——Abutilon avicennae var. genuina Skvort. in Lingn. Sci. Jour. 6: 220, 1930.——Abutilon theophrasti var. chinense (Skvort.) S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 32, 1955.——Abutilon avicennae var. chinense Skvort. in Lingn. Sci. Jour. 6: 220, 1930.——Abutilon thoephrasti var. nigrum. (Skvort.) S. Y. Hu l. c.——Abutilon avicennae var. chinense f. nigrum Skvort. in Lingn. Sci. Jour. 6: 220, 1930.
一年生亚灌木状草本,高达1-2米,茎枝被柔毛。叶互生,圆心形,长5-10厘米,先端长渐尖,基部心形,边缘具细圆锯齿,两面均密被星状柔毛;叶柄长3-12厘米,被星状细柔毛;托叶早落。花单生于叶腋,花梗长1-13厘米,被柔毛,近顶端具节;花萼杯状,密被短绒毛,裂片5,卵形,长约6毫米;花黄色,花瓣倒卵形,长约1厘米;雄蕊柱平滑无毛,心皮15-20,长1-1.5厘米,顶端平截,具扩展、被毛的长芒2,排列成轮状,密被软毛。蒴果半球形,直径约2厘米,长约1.2厘米,分果爿15-20,被粗毛,顶端具长芒2;种子肾形,褐色,被星状柔毛。花期7-8月。
我国除青藏高原不产外,其他各省区均产,东北各地有栽培、。常见于路旁、荒地和田野间。分布于越南、印度、日本以及欧洲、北美洲等地区。
本种的茎皮纤维色白,具光泽,可编织麻袋、搓绳索、编麻鞋等纺织材料。种子含油量约15-16%,供制皂、油漆和工业用润滑油;种子作药用称“冬葵子”,润滑性利尿剂,并有通乳汁、消乳腺炎、顺产等功效。全草也作药用。
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