异名:Abelmoschus moschatus (L.) Medik. var. betulifolius (Masters) Hochreutiner (synonym)、Bamia chinensis Wall. (synonym)、Hibiscus abelmoschus L. (synonym)、Hibiscus abelmoschus L. var. betulifolius Masters (synonym)、Hibiscus chinensis Roxb. ex Masters. (synonym)
俗名:野油麻 (YěYóuMá) Chinese、芙蓉麻 (FúRóngMá) Chinese、山油麻 (ShānYóuMá) Chinese、野棉花 (YěMiánHuā) Chinese
山油麻(福建),野油麻、野棉花、芙蓉麻(广西、云南红河),鸟笼胶(广东),
假三稔、山芙蓉(海南), 香秋葵(云南)
图版15:1-3
Abelmoschus moschatus Medicus Malv. 46, 1787; Limpricht in Fedde Re. pert Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 437, 1922; Groff & al. in Lingn. Agr. Rev. 2: 40, 1924; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Jour. 5: 125, 1927; Kaneh. & Sasaki in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 19: 371, 1929; Tanaka & Odashima in Jour. Soc. Trop. Agr. Formosa 10: 374, 1938; Masam. Fl. Kain. 196, 1943; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 38, Pl. 9-1-4, 1955;侯宽昭,广州植物志253, 1956; 陈焕镛, 海南植物志2: 102, 图344, 1965; 昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志2: 218; 图56-4, 1979. ——Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn. Sp. Pl. 696, 1753; Cavan. Diss. 3: 167, t. 62, f. 2, 1787; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 34, 1861; Masters in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 342, 1874; Forbes & Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 87, 1886 (Ind. Fl. Sin.) ; Franch. Pl. Delav. 107, 1889; Dunn & Tutch. in Kew Bull. add. ser. 10, 48, 1912 (Fl. Kwangt. Hongk.) ; T. Ito, Ill. Fl. Formosa ed. 2, 165, f. 163, 1928; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 609, 1933; Bailey Man. Cult. Pl. rev. ed. 664, 1949. Hibiscus chinensis Roxb. Hort. Beng. 51, 1814, nom. nud. ; Masters in Hook. f. , in Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 342, 1874, in syn. , non Braam ex DC.——Bamia chinensis Wall. Num. List. no. 1916, 1829, nom. nud.
一年生或二年生草本,高1-2米,被粗毛。叶通常掌状5-7深裂,直径6-15厘米,裂片披针形至三角形,边缘具不规则锯齿,偶有浅裂似械叶状,基部心形,两面均疏被硬毛;叶柄长7-15厘米,疏被硬毛;托叶线形,长7-8毫米。花单生于叶腋间,花梗长2-3厘米,被倒硬毛;小苞片8-10,线形,长10-13毫米;花萼佛焰苞状,长2-3厘米,5裂,常早落;花黄色,内面基部暗紫色,直径7-12厘米;雄蕊柱长约2.5厘米,平滑无毛;花柱分枝5,柱头盘状。蒴果长圆形,长5-6厘米,顶端尖,被黄色长硬毛;种子肾形,具腺状脉纹,具 香味。花期6-110月。
我国台湾、广东、广西、江西、湖南和云南等省区栽培或野生。常生于平原、山谷、溪涧旁或山坡灌丛中。分布于越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国和印度。现广植子热带地区。
种子具 香味,用水蒸汽蒸溜法可提制芳香油,含油率约0.3-0.5%,是名贵的高级调香料;也可入药。根含粘质,供制棉纸的糊料。本种花大色艳,可供园林观赏用。
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