异名:Carex bengalensis Roxb. (synonym)、Carex condensata Franch. (synonym)、Carex cruciata Wahlenb. subsp. rubrobrunnea (Ohwi) T. Koyama (synonym)、Carex cruciata Wahlenb. var. rubro-brunnea Ohwi (synonym)、Carex filicina Matsum. et Hayata (synonym)、Carex hakkuensis Hayata (synonym)、Carex valida Nees (synonym)
俗名:烟火薹 (YānHuǒTái) Chinese
烟火薹(台湾植物志)
图版14: 9-11
Carex cruciata Wahlenb. in Vet. -Acad. Nya Handl. 23: 149, 1803; Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris III, 8: 253, 1896; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 715, 1894 et in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 281, 1903; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 230, 1901; Matsum. et Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 494, 1906; Kukenth. in Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (IV. 20): 265, 1909 et in Fedde, Repert. Nov. Sp. Beih. 12: 310, 1922 et in Act. Hort. Goltob. 5: 242, 1929 et in Sinensia 3: 82, 1932; E. G. Camus in Lemonte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 7: 189, fig. 27, 1912; Ohwi in Journ. Bot. Jap. 7: 192, 1934 et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ. Ser. B, 11: 460, 1936 et Fl. Jap. 248, 1953; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1261, 1936; Nelmes in Reinwardtia 1: 277, 1951 et in Mem. Mus. National Hist. Nat. Nlle Ser. B, Bot. 4 (2): 129, 1955; Raymond in Naturaliste Canad. 82: 150, 1955 et in Mem. Jard. Bot. Montreal no. 53: 46, 1969 et in Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23 (2): 254, 1956; T. Koyama in Naturaliste Canad. 82: 196, 1955 et in Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 70: 8, 1957 et in Joum. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo III, 8 (4): 153, 1962 et in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3: 123, 1975 et in Hara et L. H. J. Williams, Enum. Flow. Pl. Nepal. 1: 101, 1978 et 台湾植物志5: 310, pl. 1347, 1979; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 280, 图7390, 1976; 海南植物志4: 338, 1977; Kern et Noot. in Steenis, Fl. Males. 1, 9 (1): 120, fig. 118, 124 a-b, 1979; 西藏植物志5: 401, 图226, 1987; 贵州植物志, 8: 637, 1988; 浙江植物志7: 293, 图7-397, 1993; 横断山区维管植物下册: 2367, 1994. ——Carex bengalensis Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 572, 1832; Boott, Illustr. Carex 2: 85, t. 240-243, 1858; Benth., Fl. Hongkong. 401, 1861. ——Carex valida Nees in Wight, Contr. Bot. Ind. 123, 1834, p. p. ——Carex hakkuensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 6: 122, fig. 37, 1916. ——Carex cruciata Wahlenb. var. rubro-brunnea Ohwi, Cyper. Japon. 1: 460. 936. ——Carex cruciata Wahlenb, subsp. rubro-brunnea (Ohwi) T. Koyarma, l. c. 312, 1979. ——Carex condensata auct. non Nees: Franch. l. c. 252, 260, 1896, p. p., quoad Yunnan. Pl. ——Carex filicina auct. non Nees: Matsum. et Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 495, 1906, p. p.
根状茎粗壮,木质,具匍匐枝,须根甚密。秆丛生,高40-90厘米,粗3-5毫米,坚挺,三棱形,平滑。叶基生和秆生,长于秆,扁平,宽4-13毫米,下面粗糙,上面光滑,边缘具短刺毛,基部具暗褐色、分裂成纤维状的宿存叶鞘。苞片叶状,长于支花序,基部具长鞘。圆锥花序复出,长20-40厘米;支圆锥花序数个,通常单生,少有双生,轮廓为卵状三角形,长4-15厘米,宽3-6厘米,支花序柄坚挺,钝三棱形,最下部1个长10-18厘米,向上部的渐短,平滑;支花序轴锐三棱形,密生短粗毛;小苞片鳞片状,长约1.5毫米,背面被短粗毛;枝先出叶囊状、内无花,背面有数脉,被短粗毛。小穗极多数,全部从枝先出叶中生出,横展,长5-12毫米,两性,雄雌顺序;雄花部分与雌花部分近等长。雄花鳞片披针形,长约2.5毫米,顶端渐尖,具短尖,膜质,淡褐白色,密生棕褐色斑点和短线;雌花鳞片卵形,长约2毫米,顶端钝,具短芒,膜质,淡褐色,密生褐色斑点和短线,具3条脉;果囊长于鳞片,椭圆形,肿胀三棱形,长3-3.2毫米,淡褐白色,具棕褐色斑点和短线,平滑或上部疏生短粗毛,有数条隆起的脉,基部几无柄,上部渐狭成中等长的喙,喙长及果囊的1/3,两侧疏生短刺毛或无毛,喙口斜截形。小坚果卵状椭圆形,三棱形,长约1.5毫米,成熟时暗褐色;花柱基部增粗,柱头3个。花果期5-11月。
产于浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、海南、四川、贵州、云南、西藏;生于林边或沟边草地、路旁、火烧迹地,海拔330-2500米。也分布于喜马拉雅山地区(锡金至克什米尔地区)、印度、马达加斯加、印度尼西亚、中南半岛和日本南部。模式标本采自广东。
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