异名:Cirsium cavaleriei (H. Lév.) H. Lév. (synonym)、Cirsium provosti (Franch.) Petr. f. subulatum Petr. (synonym)、Cirsium provosti (Franch.) Petr. var. spinosum Petr. (synonym)、Cirsium provostii (Franch.) Petr. var. monocephalum (Vaniot) Petr. (synonym)、Cirsium provostii (Franch.) Petr. var. oleracioides Petr. (synonym)、Cirsium provostii (Franch.) Petr. var. racemosum Petr. (synonym)、Cnicus cavaleriei H. Lév. (synonym)、Cnicus monocephalus Vaniot (synonym)
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Cirsium monocephalum (Vant.) Levl., Cat. Pl. Yunnan 41, 1915: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19(1-2): 61, 1966; 石铸, 植物分类学报22(s): 390, 1984——Cnicus monocephalus Vant. in Bull. Acad. Internat. Geogr. Bot. 12: 122, 1903——Cnicuc caval eri ei Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 11: 496, 1913——Cirsium cavaleriei (Levl.) Levl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 12: 189, 1913: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (1-2): 52, 1966; Lauener in Not. Roy. Gard. Edinb. 34: 37'3, 1976——Cirsium provostii Franch. var. monocephalum (Vant.) Petrak in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 44: 52. 1938; S. Y. Hu Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (1-2): 62, 1966; Lauener in Not. Roy. Gard. Rdinb. 34: 376, 1976——C. provostii Franch. var. oleracioides Petrak in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 44: 52, 1938; S Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (1-2): 62, 1966——C. Provosti Franch. var. racernosum Petrak in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 44: 54, 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (1-2): 62, 1966——C. provosti Franch. var. spinosum Petrak in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 44:54, 1938: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19 (l-2): 62, 1966——C. provosti Franch. f. subulatum Petrak in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 44: 53, 1938: S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19. (1-2): 62, 1966.
多年生草本,高80-150厘米。茎直立,上部分枝,基部直径达2厘米,全部茎枝有条棱,被稀疏的蛛丝毛及多细胞长节毛,上部或接头状花序下部的毛稍稠密。中部茎叶全形椭圆形、长椭圆形,羽状深裂,无柄,基部耳状扩大半抱茎;侧裂片披针形或长披针形,顶端急尖成长3-10毫米的针刺,基部或下部两侧边缘或一侧边缘有1-3个三角形刺齿,齿顶有针刺或1-3个长针刺,针刺长3-10毫米,中上部边缘有缘毛状针刺,针刺长1-2毫米,顶裂片与侧裂片同形并具有等样的针齿与针刺;上部茎叶与中部茎叶同形或披针形,渐小,等样分裂或羽状浅裂或半裂,侧裂片及顶裂片通常宽或长三角形,边缘斜三角形或三角刺齿及缘毛状针刺。全部茎叶两面同色,绿色,无毛或上面有糠粃状的多细胞长节毛。头状花序在茎枝顶端排成伞房状花序或圆锥状花序或圆锥状伞房花序。总苞宽钟状至半球形,直径4-4.5厘米,被稀疏的蛛丝毛。总苞片约8层,近等长,镊合状排列或至少不呈明显的覆瓦状排列,全部苞片线状钻形或线状披针状线形,长2.2-3.5厘米,上部或中部以上开展或稍向下反折,边缘无针刺。小花白色或淡黄色,极少有紫红色的,花冠长1.8厘米,檐部长1.1厘米,不等5裂,细管部长7毫米。瘦果褐色,楔状倒长卵形,长3.5毫米,宽1.5毫米,顶端截形。冠毛浅褐色,多层,基部连合成环,整体脱落;冠毛刚毛长羽毛状,向顶端渐细,长达1.7厘米。花果期7-10月。
分布陕西、甘肃、湖北、四川及贵州。生于山谷或山坡林缘、林下或灌丛中或荒地、农田或潮湿地。模式标本采自贵阳。
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