异名:Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland. var. brevipes C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang (synonym)、Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland. var. depauperata C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang (synonym)、Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland. var. ramosa (Nakai) C. Y. Wu et H. W. Li (synonym)、Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyland. var. remota C. Y. Wu et S. C. Huang (synonym)、Elsholtzia cristata Willd. (synonym)、Elsholtzia formosana Hayata (synonym)、Elsholtzia minima Nakai (synonym)、Elsholtzia patrini (Lepech.) Garcke (synonym)、Elsholtzia patrini (Lepech.) Garcke var. ramosa Nakai (synonym)、Elsholtzia pseudocristata H. Lév. et Vaniot (synonym)、Hyssopus ocymifolius Lam. (synonym)、Mentha baicalensis Georgi (synonym)、Mentha cristata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don (synonym)、Mentha ovata Cav. (synonym)、Mentha patrini Lepech. (synonym)、Perilla polystachya D. Don (synonym)、Sideritis ciliata Thunb. (synonym)
俗名:小荆芥 (XiǎoJīngJiè) Chinese、山苏子 (ShānSūZǐ) Chinese、小叶苏子 (XiǎoYèSūZǐ) Chinese、鱼香草 (YúXiāngCǎo) Chinese、拉拉香 (LāLāXiāng) Chinese
水芳花、山苏子(黑龙江、吉林、河北、山西),青龙刀香薷(黑龙江),荆芥、小荆芥、拉拉香、小叶苏子(辽宁)、蜜蜂草、水荆芥、臭香麻、真荆芥(河北),臭荆芥(辽宁、甘肃华池、河北),荆芥(甘肃成县),边枝花(浙江),酒饼叶(广西阳蒴),排香草(广西),山苏子、香草、蜜蜂草(福建福州),野紫苏(四川灌县),鱼香草(四川南川),香茹草、德昌香薷(四川),蚂蝗痧(云南文山),野芝麻(云南镇雄),野芭子(云南保山)
Elsholtzia ciliata(Thunb.)Hyland. in Bot. Notiser. 1941: 129. 1941; Murata in Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 273. 1966; Hedge in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 155. 1968; Murata in Act. Phytotax. Geobot. 24: 79. 1969——Sideritis ciliata Thunb. Fl. Jap. 245. 1784; Benth. in DC. Prodr 12: 447 1848——Mentha patrini Lepech. in Nov. Act. Acad. Petrop. 1: 336, t. 8. 1787——Hyssopus ocymifolius Lam. Encycl. 3: 187, 1789——Elsholtzia cristata Willd. in Bot. Mag. Roem. & Ust. IV, 9: 5. t. 1. 1790; et Sp. Pl. 3: 29. 1800; Spreng. Syst. 2: 721. 1825; Sims in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 25: t. 2560, 1825; Wall. Cat. n. 1560. 1828, nom. nud.; Benth. in Wall. Pl. Asiat Rar. 1: 29. 1830; Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 164, 1833; in DC. Prodr. 12: 163. 1848; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 335. 1849; Maxim. in Mem. Acad. Sci. st. Petersb. Sav. Etrang. 9: 214. 1859; Regel in Mem. Acad. Sci. st. Petersb. VII, 4: 115, n. 377 1861; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 234. 1884; et in Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 24: 242. 1884; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 645. 1885; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 277. 1890; Korsh. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 375. 1892; Diels in Engler. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 560. 1900; Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 389. 1907; Hayata, in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 30: 227. 1911; Diels in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 7: 46, 313. 357. 1912-13; Dunn in ibid. 6: 151. 1915, p. p.; Diels in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 479. 1922; Liu, Chihli Fl. 150. 1928; 孙雄才, 科学社生物所论文集7: 58. 232. 1932; Belval in Mus, Heude Notes Bot. Chin. 2: 99. 1933; Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 183. 1933; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 9: 91 1934; Doan in Lecte. Fl Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 977. 1936; Walker in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 28: 656, 1941——Mentha ovata Cav. Icon. 4: 36. pl. 360, f. 1. 1797——Mentha baicalensis Georgi in Bescreib. Russ. Reich. III, 5: 1083. 1800——Perilla polystachya D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 115. 1825——Mentha cristata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 115. 1825——Elsholtzia patrini(Lepech. )Garcke, Fl. Halle II d. 213. 1856; (Lepech.)O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 517. 1891; Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. North. U. S. 3: 124, f. 3188. 1898; Palibin, Consp. Fl. Korea. 2: 26. 1900; Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 20: 3. 1906; Matsum. Ind. Pl. Jap. 2(2): 539. 1912; Matsum. et Kudo in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 301. 1912; Kudo in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 43(8): 50. 1921; et in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2:66. 1929; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 935. 1936; in Act. Hort. Gothob. 13: 360. 1939; Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 65. 1938; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 379, 1939; Hara, Enum. Sperm. Jap. 1: 203. 1948; Volkova in Fl. UASS 21: 635. 1954——Elsholtzia formosana Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 106. 1919——Elsholtzia minima Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokvo 29: 1. 1915.
直立草本,高0.3-0.5米,具密集的须根。茎通常自中部以上分枝,钝四稜形,具槽,无毛或被疏柔毛,常呈麦秆黄色,老时变紫褐色。叶卵形或椭圆状披针形,长3-9厘米,宽1-4厘米,先端渐尖,基部楔状下延成狭翅,边缘具锯齿,上面绿色,疏被小硬毛,下面淡绿色,主沿脉上疏被小硬毛,余部散布松脂状腺点,侧脉约6-7对,与中肋两面稍明显;叶柄长0.5-3.5厘米,背平腹凸,边缘具狭翅,疏被小硬毛。穗状花序长2-7厘米,宽达1.3厘米,偏向一侧,由多花的轮伞花序组成;苞片宽卵圆形或扁圆形,长宽约4毫米,先端具芒状突尖,尖头长达2毫米,多半退色,外面近无毛,疏布松脂状腺点,内面无毛,边缘具缘毛;花梗纤细,长1.2毫米,近无毛,序轴密被白色短柔毛。花萼钟形,长约1.5毫米,外面被疏柔毛,疏生腺点,内面无毛,萼齿5,三角形,前2齿较长,先端具针状尖头,边缘具缘毛。花冠淡紫色,约为花萼长之3倍,外面被柔毛,上部夹生有稀疏腺点,喉部被疏柔毛,冠筒自基部向上渐宽,至喉部宽约1.2毫米,冠檐二唇形,上唇直立,先端微缺,下唇开展,3裂,中裂片半圆形,侧裂片弧形,较中裂片短。雄蕊4,前对较长,外伸,花丝无毛,花药紫黑色。花柱内藏,先端2浅裂。小坚果长圆形,长约1毫米,棕黄色,光滑。花期7-10月,果期10月至翌年1月。
除新疆、青海外几产全国各地;生于路旁、山坡、荒地、林内、河岸,海拔达3400米。苏联西伯利亚,蒙古,朝鲜,日本,印度,中南半岛也有分布,欧洲及北美也有引入。模式标本采自日本。
全草入药,治急性肠胃炎、腹痛吐泻、夏秋阳暑、头痛发热、恶寒无汗、霍乱、水肿、鼻衄、口臭等症。嫩叶尚可喂猪。
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